animals. All these great differences, however, spring solely out of the capacity for abstract ideas, concepts. This capacity is therefore the essential part of Reason, that is, of the faculty peculiar to man, and it is called t? ????�??, t? ????st????, ratio, la ragione, il discorso, raison, reason, discourse of reason.

If I were asked what the distinction is between it and Verstand, ????, intellectus, entendement, understanding; I should reply thus: The latter is that capacity for knowledge which animals also possess in varying degrees, and which is seen in us at its highest development; in other words, it is the direct consciousness of the law of Causality — a consciousness which precedes �ill experience, being constituted by the very form of the understanding, whose essential nature is, in fact, therein